I. Introduction.
The majority of beef cattle breeding business is still with the traditional pattern and scale of sideline business. This
is due to the large investment if done on a large and modern, with
kecilpun scale will get a good profit if done with the principle of
modern culture. PT. NUSANTARA
NATURAL with the principle of K-3 (Quantity, Quality and Health) to
help farming beef cattle fattening for both large and small scale
business.
II. Fattening
Fattening
beef cattle is the maintenance of adult cows in thin condition to be
improved through the enlargement of meat weight in a relatively short
(3-5 months).
Several issues related to fattening beef cattle are:
1. Types of Beef Cattle.
Several types of cows that are used to going in fattening beef cattle in Indonesia are:
A. Bali cattle.
Characteristic red color with white on the legs from the knees down and on the buttocks, back striped black color (line eel). The advantages of this cow can adapt well to the new environment.
B. Ongole cows.
Characteristics are white with black in some parts of the body, sagged and humped, and good adaptability. This
species has been crossed with cattle of Madura, the offspring is called
Peranakan Ongole (PO) characteristics similar to Ongole cattle but
lower production capability.
C. Brahman cattle.
Characteristic brown to dark brown, with white on the head. Power to rapid growth, so be excellent beef cattle in Indonesia.
D. Cow Madura.
Having humped characteristic, yellow to red brick, sometimes there are white on the snout, tail and lower legs. Type this cow has a low weight gain power.
E. Limousin cow.
Has
the characteristic black color varies with red brick and white, there
is a white color on the muzzle of his head, big body and has a good
production level
2. Election going.
Going is an important factor, because it determines the final outcome fattening.
Election going to require precision, flair and experience. The characteristics are going good:
- Aged over 2.5 years.
- Male sex.
- Long body shape, round and wide, a minimum length of 170 cm at least 135 cm shoulder height, chest circumference of 133 cm.
- Body thin, protruding bones, but still healthy (thin from lack of food, not because of illness).
- Views eyes shining bright and smooth hair.
- Dirt normal
III. Management of Maintenance.
3.1. Perkandangan.
In general, the cage has two types, namely individuals and groups. In individual cages, each cow occupies his own place measuring 2.5 X 1.5 m. This
type can spur more rapid growth, because it does not happen in the
competition to get food and have limited space, so that the energy
obtained from food is used for basic living and production of meat is
not lost because a lot of moves. In the cage group, going in one fattening period are placed in one cage. One cow requires more space than individual cages. The
weakness of this cage type which occurred competition in getting the
feed so that cows tend to quickly grow stronger than the weak, as more
get the feed.
3.2. Feed.
Based
on the condition fisioloigis and digestive system, cows were classified
ruminants, because digestion through three processes, that is
mechanically in the mouth with the help of saliva (saliva), a
Fermentative rumen with rumen microbial assistance and enzymatically
after passing the rumen.
Research shows that by relying on a feed fattening forage alone, does not provide optimal results and requires a long time. One way to speed up the fattening is to feed a combination of forages and concentrates. Concentrates
used are dregs of beer, tofu waste, bagasse, rice bran, soybean seed
coat, leather and artificial pineapple food factory. Concentrate
given prior to feeding the rumen microbes, so that when feeding forages
into the rumen, rumen microbes are ready and active to digest forage. Supplies of feed (dry weight) per tail is 2.5% weight. Forage
used is rice straw, sugarcane leaves, corn leaves, reeds and wild
grasses as low-quality feed and elephant grass, Setaria kolonjono as
high-quality feed.
Determination of feed quality is based on the high and low content of nutrients (oxygen feed) and crude fiber content. Feeding
low-quality forage containing high roughage that are difficult to
digest because of the lignin that is difficult to dissolve by enzyme
digestion.
Therefore, PT. NUSANTARA NATURAL also issued a special supplement livestock that is VITERNA Plus. This
product uses technology created by amino acids the body's physiological
approach to cattle, that is by examining a variety of nutritional needs
of cattle.
VITERNA Plus contains many nutrients needed livestock, namely:
- Minerals as a constituent of bone, blood
and play a role in the synthesis of enzymes, namely N, P, K,
Ca, Mg, Cl and others.
-
Amino acids, namely Arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine and others
as the building blocks of protein, and cell-forming organs.
-
Vitamin full functioning to the ongoing body of a normal physiological
process and increase the resilience of the cow's body from disease
attack.
- Acid - essential organic acids, including propionic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid.
How to use it is to be mixed in drinking water or komboran with dose:
5 cc / head per day for cattle, buffalo and horses
4 cc / head per day for goats and sheep.
Additions Plus VITERNA is done on providing drinking water or komboran the first.
3.3. Disease Control.
In
disease control, which is done is the main disease prevention rather
than treatment, because drug use would increase production costs and no
guarantee of success of the treatment performed. Prevention effort that can be done to maintain the health of cattle are:
a. Use of quarantine cage. The
new cattle should be quarantined in a separate cage, with the aim to
monitor the presence of certain symptoms that are not known at the time
of the purchase process. In addition, to adapt cattle to the new environment. At
the time cattle quarantined, should be given worm medicine because most
of the cows according to a study in Indonesia (especially cow folk) had
worms. This disease is not lethal, but will reduce the speed of weight gain when fattened. When the cow is the one-week quarantine for cattle healthy and sick cows with newly issued after the cow healthy. Quarantine
cage in addition to the new cattle are also used to separate the old
cow who suffer pain so as not to spread to other healthy cows.
b. Keeping cattle clean and stable. Cattle
are fattened intensively will produce a lot of dirt because they have
sufficient food, so that the sewage must be made at any time if dirty
cages started to prevent the development of bacteria and viruses that
cause disease.
c. Vaccinations for the new going. Enough vaccine made at the time cattle are in the quarantine cage. Vaccination is important to do is anthrax vaccination.
Several types of diseases that can meyerang beef cattle are worms, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), bloating (Bloat) and others.
IV. Meat Production.
Factors affecting meat production is
1. Feed.
Forage quality and the optimal amount will affect both the quality of meat. The
treatment of feed with NPB will increase the digestibility of feed
mainly on low-quality food while giving VITERNA Plus offers a variety of
nutrients needed so that beef cattle will grow faster and healthier.
2. Genetic factor.
Livestock with a good genetic quality will grow well / fast that meat production is higher.
3. Sex.
Male cattle livestock grow faster than females, so that at the same age, male animals have a body and a bigger meat.
4. Management.
Maintenance
with good management make the cow healthy and fast growing form of
meat, so the fattening period is becoming shorter.
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